Research on the origin of lightning

In the so-called drop coalescence theory, it is assumed that lightning charges are formed by the dissociation of water under heat and solar radiation. The lighter hydrogen ions rise, the heavier hydroxide ions tend to sink down.

As has recently been demonstrated, hydrogen ions do not react immediately with water molecules, but can travel much longer distances than in water by colliding with nitrogen and oxygen. Other ion pairs could theoretically also be considered, but could not be demonstrated in practice.

Different theories

The three so far prevailing theories of lightning formation do not only contradict themselves, but also fundamental physical laws.

Thus, the theory of friction of ice grains as well as the theory of freezing water drops contradict the fact that thunderstorms occur more frequently on warm days than on cold ones. The theory of charge distribution in water droplets cannot explain greater charge separation without immediate discharge.

A new theory for the formation of lightning in the atmosphere is presented. Water is preferentially dissociated at higher temperature.

Due to their small mass, hydrogen ions rise into the upper troposphere. There they attach themselves to fine water droplets. The fine water droplets combine to form larger ones, which compresses the attached electrical charge.

Finally, the charge density on the droplet surface is too large, so that the breakdown field strength
is exceeded in air. The lightning propagates by acceleration of the electrically charged particles in the electric field.

Drop coalescence theory ventured
Even if the drop coalescence theory is daring, it stands up to closer scrutiny at least as well as the currently prevailing explanations. For it is certain that, for physical reasons, some things cannot be right with the theories that have been common up to now.

Nothing is said about the romance of a refreshing summer thunderstorm. Enjoy lightning and thunder just like that or ponder the forces of nature!

Information: Dr. Daniel S. Christen (Health-Safety-Environmental Protection)  daniel.christen@eco-swiss.ch